Non-skidding tire.



G. T. ADAMS.

NON-SKIDDING TIRE.

APPLICATION FILED 1111.7, 1907. RENEWED r1213. 15, 1911. 1 ,O92,41 9.

Patented Apr. 7, 1914.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CALVIN THAYER ADAMS, OF NEW YORK, N Y.

NON-SKIDDING TIRE.

' Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 7, 1914.

Application filed January 7, 1907, Serial No. 351,258. Renewed. February15, 1911. Serial No. 608.710.

whereby slipping and skidding is prevented,

and the tire strengthened so that the danger of punctures is muchdiminished.

The essential features of my invention are hard, metallic, one-piecestuds and one or more plies, of fabric combined with rubber. Theparticular formation and arrangement of the parts is also important, forthereby the studs are secured in place, without upsetting their ends andwithout the use 'of auxiliary'parts. The particular advantage obtainedis that studs of the hardest material may be used, such as cast, orchilled, iron, or hard steel, whereby the durability,

strength and anti-slip properties of the tire are much increased.

Certain other details of construction are also new and useful.

I am aware that tires for similar purposes have been made with flush orprojecting rivets inserted in leather, fabric, etc., but in all thecases with which I am acquainted,

these are rivets, and are upset, or clenched, either with, or without,retaining washers and other parts, which required the use of a softmetal rivet, therefore weaker, of short life and less efficient.

Peculiar conditions are involved in pneumatic tires for automobiles. Thevarious excessive strains to which. they are subjected make it necessarythat the rivets should be secured in the shoe most securely. If alimited number only tear out, or if they wear quickly, so that the lifeof the tire is short, commercially and'practically the tire is afailure. By my construction, these hard .tuds are used instead of rivetsand are. secured in place very firmly; therefore my tread meets therequirements, and I believe is the longest lived and most efficient tireor tread ever produced.

My invention is clearly shown in the drawing herewith, in which thereference numerals of the description indicate the corresponding partsin all the views.

Figures 1, and 2 are partial cross sections showing my construction indifferent stages.

Fig. 3 is a plan of Fig. 1- with the rivet heads removed. Fig. 4 is aplan of Fig. '2. Figs. 5 and 6 are simple modifications shownrespectively, in plan and in section. In Fig. 5 the rivet is shownWithout the head. Figs. 7 and 8 are partial'b'ottom plans showingspecial means for securing the parts together. i

In the figures 1 indicates the studs having strong thick heads a, shanksb and flat backs c. v

2 2 are theplies of material for receiving the rivets, preferablycomposed each of canvas embedded in or combined with rubber. In Figs. 1,2, 3 and 5 are shown two such plies provided each with button holes atand 5. By bnttoning in the studs then drawing the plies so that thebutton holes do not register, the rivets are locked in place. In Figs.1, 2 and 3 the plies are drawn to bring the stud shanks in the oppositeends of the button holes; in Fig. 5 the button holes are crossed, but inall a similar construction and result of non-registering button holes insuperimposed plies and studs locked in place.

In Fig. 6 there is only one ply, though as thick and of as many layersas desired.

Here the stud head is larger than the round -hole d and the back muchlarger, so that the head may be forced through, and the stud heldsecurely in place.

In Fig. 2 is shown the extrasheet 6 of rubber, punched with holes to fitthe rivet heads and vulcanized in place, whereby the tread is madeheavier and solid, and the rivet heads flush.

A backing sheet 7 may be vulcanized over the rivet backs to protect thetire from being injured thereby. In Figs. 7 and 8 are indicated themeans by which this backing is held in position over the backs. This isa row, or rows, of stitching variously arranged and extending through.all the plies. This means of securing by stitching, prevents the treadworking loose from the shoe, a common defect in non-skidding tires.

I call my invention a metallic rubber tire, because it contains themaximum of metal, and of hard metal, to prolong its life, but so Havingthus described. my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secureby Letters Patent, is

1. Ina non-skidding rubber tire, a tread having a plurality of plies'ofyielding material, said plies being formed with buttonholes and soarranged that the corresponding button-holes of the superimposed pliesregister throughout a small portion only of their extent, hard metalstuds having their shanks arranged in said registering portions, wherebythe studs are secured in'place with their heads outwardly projecting andtheir flat backs engaging the inner surface of the inner ply.

composed of two plies of fabric combined with sheet rubber, said pliesbeing provided with button-holes and arranged so that-the correspondingbutton-holes of the two plies have one end only registering with theopposite cnd of the holes in the other ply, and in combination therewithhard metal studs eX tending through the plies with their shanks arrangedin the registering portions of the button-holes, whereby the studs arelocked in place.

3. In a non-skidding rubber tire, a tread having in combination twoplies of yielding material provided each with a series of button-holeslits, said plies being arranged so that the corresponding slits of thesuperimposed plies register throughout a small portion only of theirextent, hard metal studs having fiat backs and thick heads arranged withtheir shanks in said registering portions, whereby the studsare lockedin place with their heads projecting outwardly, and a supplementarysheet of yielding material secured to the outer 'surface of the treadwith holes to fit the stud heads and arranged with its surfacesubstantially flush with the stud heads.

4. In a non-skidding rubber tire; a tread having in combination twoplies, each formed of a sheet of fabric and sheet rubber and providedwith a series of slits, said plies being arranged so that the corresponing slits of the different plies register throughout a small portion onlof their length, hard metal studs having at backs and thick headsconnected by shanks arranged in the registering portions of the slits,whereby the studs are securedin place with the heads projectingoutwardly, a protecting sheet of rubber secured to the "inner surface ofthe inner ply by stitching through both plies to cover the flat backs ofthe studs, and a supplementary sheet of rubbenvulcanized'to the outersurface of the treadwith holes to fit the stud heads, whereby the studheads are substantially flush with the outer surface of p I the tread asdescribed and -shown. 2. In a non-skidding rubber tire, a tread 5. In anon-skidding rubber tire, the com' bination with a tread made up ofplies of material, each ply being composed of fabric combined withrubber, and being provided with a series of stud holes, of hard metalstuds having heads and backs, said studs being arranged in said holeswith the heads projecting outwardly, and a protecting sheet secured tothe under surface of the plies by roWs of stitching passing between therows of studs.

6. A non-skidding rubber tire for bicycles, automobiles and othervehicles, comprising a tread composed of fabric combined with rubber andprovided with a series of apertures for studs, and hard metal studshaving heads and backs, the studs being arranged in the apertures withthe heads extending outwardly, and a protecting sheet secured to theunder surface of the tread over the backs of the studs by rows ofstitchingpassing diagonally, back and forth, between the j rows ofstuds.

In testimony whereof I have signed my presence of name to thisspecification in the two subscribing witnesses.

. CALVIN THAYER ADAMS.

\Vitnesses: I H. O. TUXBURY,

MoGABE.

